The field forces were controlled through a series of geographic departments whose commanders reported directly to the general in chief. Grant to the position prior to the Overland Campaign. During the course of the war, Lincoln would appoint other generals with little success until finally appointing Lieutenant General Ulysses S. His position as general in chief was traditional, not statutory, because secretaries of war since 1821 had designated a general to be in charge of the field forces without formal congressional approval. General Winfield Scott, the 75‑year‑old hero of the Mexican‑American War. In 1861, this Army was under the command of Brevet Lieutenant The Regular Army of the United States on the eve of the Civil War was essentially a frontier constabulary whose 16,000 officers and men were organized into 198 companies scattered across the nation at 79 different posts. Further information: Union Army and Confederate States Army The US Army in 1861 Unidentified soldier in Union uniform with bayoneted musket in front of American flag.
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